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Term entry
Full Package Production
Full Package Production (FPP) is a manufacturing model in which the factory handles the complete production process,from fabric sourcing and pattern making through to finished, packed garments,the dominant model for global fashion sourcing in a $1.8 trillion (₹163.8 lakh crore) apparel industry, with FPP pricing ranging from $3–$30+ (₹273–₹2,730+) per garment depending on product complexity and country.
On This Page
What is Full Package Production?
Full Package Production (FPP), also known as Full Package (FP) or Full Package Manufacturing, is a full supply chain model in which the garment manufacturer takes responsibility for nearly every production step. The brand or buyer provides the design brief, tech pack, and approvals; the factory manages sourcing, pattern making, sampling, production, finishing, labelling, and packing.
What FPP Includes
A full package manufacturer handles:
- Fabric sourcing: Procuring the specified fabric from mills, negotiating fabric prices, and managing quality inspection of incoming fabric
- Trims sourcing: Sourcing all buttons, zippers, labels, threads, and other trims per the brand's specifications
- Pattern making: Developing production patterns from the tech pack or design brief
- Sample development: Proto samples, fit samples, and pre-production samples
- Bulk cutting: Spreading, marker making, and cutting fabric for production
- Sewing and assembly: All garment construction operations
- Quality control: In-line and end-line QC checks
- Finishing: Pressing, thread trimming, spot cleaning
- Labelling and hang-tagging: Applying brand labels, care labels, hang tags, and price tickets per buyer spec
- Packing: Folding, poly-bagging, boxing per buyer's packing instructions
- Export documentation: In many cases, managing shipping and export compliance
FPP vs. CMT vs. CM
- CMT (Cut, Make, Trim): The factory does only cutting, sewing, and basic trims attachment. The brand provides pre-sourced fabric and trims. Most common in India's small-to-medium manufacturing sector
- CM (Cut and Make): The factory cuts and sews; brand provides all materials including trims. Less common
- FPP: Factory provides everything. Brand engages at design brief, sample approval, and final QC stages
Who Uses FPP?
FPP is the dominant model for international brands sourcing from South and Southeast Asia. Large US and European fashion brands working with factories in Bangladesh, Vietnam, and increasingly India use FPP. It is also growing among Indian D2C brands that want manufacturing convenience over supply chain control.
Why this matters for fashion entrepreneurs.
Full Package Production is the dominant manufacturing model for international fashion brands sourcing globally. Here is what fashion entrepreneurs need to know:
Global FPP cost comparison by country and garment type:
| Country | Basic T-Shirt FPP | Shirt FPP | Jacket FPP | Denim Trouser FPP | Typical MOQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | $2.50–$4.00 (₹228–₹364) | $5.00–$8.00 (₹455–₹728) | $10–$20 (₹910–₹1,820) | $7–$14 (₹637–₹1,274) | 1,000–3,000 |
| India | $3.00–$5.00 (₹273–₹455) | $6.00–$11 (₹546–₹1,001) | $12–$25 (₹1,092–₹2,275) | $8–$16 (₹728–₹1,456) | 300–1,000 |
| Vietnam | $2.80–$4.50 (₹255–₹410) | $5.50–$9.00 (₹501–₹819) | $11–$22 (₹1,001–₹2,002) | $7.50–$15 (₹683–₹1,365) | 500–2,000 |
| China | $3.50–$6.00 (₹319–₹546) | $7.00–$12 (₹637–₹1,092) | $15–$30 (₹1,365–₹2,730) | $10–$20 (₹910–₹1,820) | 500–1,000 |
| Turkey | $4.00–$7.00 (₹364–₹637) | $8.00–$14 (₹728–₹1,274) | $18–$35 (₹1,638–₹3,185) | $12–$22 (₹1,092–₹2,002) | 300–500 |
| Portugal | $6.00–$10 (₹546–₹910) | $12–$20 (₹1,092–₹1,820) | $25–$50 (₹2,275–₹4,550) | $18–$30 (₹1,638–₹2,730) | 200–500 |
| Italy | $8–$15 (₹728–₹1,365) | $15–$30 (₹1,365–₹2,730) | $35–$80 (₹3,185–₹7,280) | $25–$45 (₹2,275–₹4,095) | 100–300 |
| USA | $12–$25 (₹1,092–₹2,275) | $20–$40 (₹1,820–₹3,640) | $40–$100 (₹3,640–₹9,100) | $30–$60 (₹2,730–₹5,460) | 50–200 |
FPP vs. CMT cost comparison:
FPP is typically 15–35% more expensive than CMT with self-sourced materials, because the manufacturer adds their sourcing margin (5–15% on fabric, 10–20% on trims). However, FPP eliminates the need for separate fabric procurement, reduces working capital requirements, and removes supply chain management complexity.
The hybrid approach: Many sophisticated global brands use a middle path,they source and approve fabric themselves (ensuring quality and ethical sourcing), but let the manufacturer handle trims procurement and all manufacturing steps. This gives control over the most brand-defining input while reducing operational burden.
Vetting FPP manufacturers globally: If you choose FPP, invest in thorough factory auditing. Key certifications to look for include WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production), SA8000 (Social Accountability), BSCI (Business Social Compliance Initiative), GOTS (for organic claims), and OEKO-TEX Standard 100. Request factory audit reports, existing client references, and conduct pre-production inspections.
Where to source.
Global FPP sourcing comparison,each manufacturing hub has distinct strengths and specialisations:
| Country/Region | FPP Specialisation | Lead Time | Certifications Common | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh (Dhaka, Chittagong) | Knitwear, basics, denim, fast fashion | 60–90 days | BSCI, WRAP, ACCORD, OEKO-TEX | High-volume basics, competitive pricing |
| India (Tirupur, Bangalore, Jaipur) | Knitwear, ethnic, artisanal, sustainable | 45–75 days | GOTS, OEKO-TEX, SA8000, Fair Trade | Sustainable brands, artisan collections, mid-volume |
| Vietnam (HCMC, Hanoi) | Sportswear, outerwear, technical | 45–70 days | WRAP, SA8000, BSCI | Nike/Adidas supplier base, technical garments |
| China (Guangdong, Zhejiang) | All categories, complex construction | 30–60 days | ISO 9001, BSCI, WRAP | Complex styles, fast turnaround, full capability |
| Turkey (Istanbul, Izmir, Denizli) | Denim, knitwear, woven casualwear | 30–45 days | GOTS, OEKO-TEX, BSCI | EU proximity, fast fashion, quick response |
| Portugal (Porto, Braga) | Premium knitwear, shirts, luxury | 30–45 days | GOTS, OEKO-TEX, EU compliant | European luxury brands, premium positioning |
| Italy (Prato, Biella, Veneto) | Luxury, tailoring, premium denim | 30–60 days | Made in Italy certification | Luxury brands, highest-quality production |
| Cambodia/Myanmar | Basics, uniforms, simple construction | 60–90 days | WRAP, local compliance | Ultra-low-cost, large volume |
How to find FPP manufacturers globally:
- Alibaba/Maker's Row (USA): Platform connecting brands with manufacturers worldwide
- Kompass/Europages (EU): European manufacturer directories
- Fibre2Fashion (India/Global): B2B portal with FPP capability listings
- Trade fairs: Texworld (Paris), Magic (Las Vegas), Canton Fair (Guangzhou), IIGF (Delhi)
- Sourcing agents: Professional sourcing agents in each manufacturing hub charge 3–8% commission but provide vetted factory access and quality management
What it costs.
FPP pricing is typically quoted as a single per-garment FOB (Free on Board) or ex-factory price covering all inputs and operations:
FPP price breakdown structure (global standard):
| Cost Component | % of Total FPP Price | Example: T-Shirt | Example: Jacket |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fabric (+ 5–15% sourcing margin) | 35–50% | $1.20–$2.50 (₹109–₹228) | $5–$15 (₹455–₹1,365) |
| Trims (+ 10–20% sourcing margin) | 5–10% | $0.20–$0.50 (₹18–₹46) | $1–$3 (₹91–₹273) |
| CMT (cutting, sewing, finishing) | 25–35% | $0.80–$1.50 (₹73–₹137) | $4–$10 (₹364–₹910) |
| QC and packing | 3–5% | $0.10–$0.25 (₹9–₹23) | $0.50–$1.50 (₹46–₹137) |
| Overhead and profit margin | 15–25% | $0.50–$1.00 (₹46–₹91) | $2–$5 (₹182–₹455) |
| Total FPP (FOB) | 100% | $3–$6 (₹273–₹546) | $12–$35 (₹1,092–₹3,185) |
Global MOQ comparison for FPP:
| Factory Size/Region | MOQ per Style | Typical Lead Time | Payment Terms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Small/boutique (USA, EU, India) | 50–200 pieces | 4–6 weeks | 50% deposit, 50% on delivery |
| Mid-size (India, Turkey, Vietnam) | 300–500 pieces | 6–8 weeks | 30–50% deposit, balance on shipment |
| Large export (Bangladesh, China) | 1,000–3,000+ pieces | 8–12 weeks | L/C or 30% TT, balance against B/L |
| Ultra-large (Bangladesh, Vietnam) | 5,000–10,000+ pieces | 10–14 weeks | L/C at sight |
FPP vs. CMT cost analysis (global average):
FPP is 15–35% more expensive than CMT with self-sourced materials, but eliminates fabric/trims procurement complexity, reduces working capital tied up in raw materials, and removes 2–3 supply chain management roles from the brand's overhead. For brands producing fewer than 5,000 units per season, the convenience premium of FPP often outweighs the cost savings of CMT.
Frequently asked.
In CMT (Cut, Make, Trim), the brand sources and supplies all fabric and trims to the factory, which only performs cutting, sewing, and basic assembly. In FPP, the factory sources fabric and trims on the brand's behalf and handles all production steps through to finished, packed garments. FPP is more convenient but less transparent and typically 15–35% more expensive than CMT with self-sourced materials. CMT gives better cost control; FPP gives operational simplicity.
FPP can work for small brands globally that prioritise design and marketing over supply chain management. Many FPP factories in India and Turkey accept MOQs of 200–500 pieces, while boutique manufacturers in the USA, EU, and Portugal work with as few as 50–100 pieces (at higher per-unit costs). However, small brands lose supply chain visibility and cost control. A common approach is to start with CMT to learn the supply chain, then selectively move to FPP for categories where you trust the manufacturer.
Specify fabric requirements precisely in your tech pack,fibre composition, GSM weight, weave/knit structure, colour standard (Pantone reference), and key physical properties (shrinkage ≤3–5%, colorfastness ≥grade 4). Request fabric composition certificates and quality test reports before bulk production. Include a pre-production sample approval stage. For critical orders, hire a third-party QC inspector (SGS, Bureau Veritas, QIMA) at $200–$400 (₹18,200–₹36,400) per inspection day.
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